All About Category Enforcement on Zwift

December 29, 2022

LAST UPDATED October 8, 2024

UPDATE: on October 7, 2024, Zwift released Zwift Racing Score, their new method of ranking and categorizing riders. While the old category scheme is still used for some events, the vast majority of races now use Racing Score. Read all about Zwift Racing Score >

Category Enforcement is a crucial part of fair community racing Zwift, since it forces riders to enter the correct race category.

This post is a thorough look at all things Category Enforcement including the history, usage, and possible future of this feature. Let’s dive in!

The Backstory

For the first several years of Zwift’s existence, racing struggled with one key problem: riders could join any category they wanted. While the A-B-C-D category scheme was meant to break riders into competitive groups based on fitness, an A rider could just hop into a D race and blow it to pieces.

Some riders didn’t know any better, while others certainly did. But reasons didn’t really matter, because in the end, the effect was the same: a diminished experience for those who raced fairly.

Of course, “real” Zwift racers knew the final results lived on ZwiftPower, where sandbaggers would be removed from results for racing out of category. But that didn’t fix the problem of overpowered riders blowing apart lower-category races, especially in the C and D categories.

In February 2022, Zwift began testing a feature they called “Category Enforcement”. The goal was to set a minimum race category based on a rider’s historic power numbers on Zwift, blocking riders from racing categories below their detected ability.

And it worked! Race organizers quickly began adopting Category Enforcement for their events, and Zwift continued to tweak the model to improve racers’ experience. Today, approximately 2/3 of all race events on Zwift use Category Enforcement.

How Category Enforcement Works

Zwift uses your last 90 days of riding activity on the platform to build a 2-50 minute power curve profiling your fitness as a rider. Every ride is used, whether you save the activity or not.
This power data is used to compute your zMAP and zFTP, and you can see these values by logging into my.zwift.com.
zMAP and zFTP are used to determine your minimum race category (see category boundaries below). When signing up for a race that uses Category Enforcement, you are only allowed to sign up for that minimum category or higher.
New or returning Zwifters who don’t have enough recent activity data in their account are placed in the “E” category of Category Enforcement races so they won’t interfere with properly-classified riders.
Any ride that would cause an increase of 70% or more to your CP is not included in your Zwift power curve, as it is assumed to be caused by a trainer miscalibration or someone sharing your account.

Category Boundaries

The following Category Enforcement boundaries are used to determine the minimum race category for riders in open or “mixed” races (where both men and women can participate):

Open Races	zMAP	zFTP
Category A	≥5.1W/kg	≥4.2W/kg and ≥250W
Category B	≥4.1W/kg	≥3.36W/kg and ≥200W
Category C	≥3.2W/kg	≥2.625W/kg and ≥150W
Category D	<3.2W/kg	<2.625W/kg or <150W
Category E	N/A	N/A

Women-only race events have their own set of boundaries:

Women Only Races	zMAP	zFTP
Category A	≥4.8W/kg	≥3.88W/kg
Category B	≥4.1W/kg	≥3.36W/kg
Category C	≥3.2W/kg	≥2.625W/kg
Category D	<3.2W/kg	<2.625W/kg
Category E	N/A	N/A

Note: exceeding just one of the W/kg thresholds (zMAP or zFTP) will bump you to the next category, unless you don’t meet the minimum zFTP wattage requirement.

Example: if your zMAP is 3.4W/kg, your zFTP is 2.8W/kg, and your zFTP (watts) is 140W, you can race in pace groups D, C, B, or A. Even though your zMAP and zFTP would place you in Pace Group C, your zFTP (watts) meets the criteria for (and allows you to race in) Pace Group D or above.

What are zMAP and zFTP?

These two crucial values are Zwifty versions of the commonly-used MAP and FTP metrics.

MAP (Maximal Aerobic Power) is your power at VO2max (maximum oxygen use). FTP is the wattage you can stay below and sustain for longer durations, while going above it causes fatigue to occur very quickly. A trained cyclist on fresh legs should be able to sustain their MAP power for 4-6 minutes and their FTP for 40+ minutes.

Zwift hasn’t shared their precise formulas for calculating zMAP and zFTP, but they told us zMAP is calculated using a standard MAP formula. They’ve also said zFTP is “the estimate of your actual lactate threshold”, but haven’t shared the actual formula.

Finding Category-Enforced Races on Zwift

Category-enforced races are generally fairer, more competitive events than those not using category enforcement. So how do you spot category-enforced events? Easy! They include the category enforcement symbol:

Finding category-enforced races is easy, too. If you’re browsing Zwift events online at zwift.com/events, just click “Filter Events” and select “Category Enforcement” to restrict results to Category Enforced events. The same can be done in game:

Lastly, the Zwift Companion app lets you show only events with Category Enforcement, and clearly indicates which events are category-enforced:

Category Enforcement FAQ

Zwift says I’m an A, but I should be a B.
Sometimes riders are convinced that Zwift has placed them in too high of a category. We haven’t seen many examples of this actually happening, though. Usually a rider just doesn’t understand how category enforcement works. On some occasions the rider may have had an equipment malfunction that gave them too high of a power reading – or they may have let a stronger rider use their account. In those cases, unfortunately, you’ll probably need to just race that higher category until your power numbers expire after 90 days.

If zMap and zFTP thresholds are in W/kg, couldn’t someone just increase their weight and thus lower their category?
“Reverse weight doping” may have been possible in early iterations of Category Enforcement, but Zwift has made changes to make it basically impossible. Take that, cheaters! See this forum thread for details.

Why am I being placed in the E pen?
The E pen is for riders who don’t have enough data in the system to be properly classified. The best solution is to put in a hard 12+ minute ride (20 minutes+ is even better), then come back and try signing up for your event again.

See more FAQ on Zwift’s Category Enforcement support page >

Next Steps

What’s next for Category Enforcement? Based on a recent post in the forum, we know that Zwift is working on showing our fitness metrics and minimum category in Zwift Companion. That’s a good step.

We’ve got three more things we’d love to see:

Zwift needs to make its fitness metrics simple and effective, then apply them across all aspects of the game. Prime example: we can now see our zFTP in our dashboard, but the game is still detecting FTP using the “95% of your 20-minute best” model. This is unnecessarily confusing.
Make a few minor changes to ZwiftPower, to make it more Category Enforcement-friendly. Indicate when a race uses Category Enforcement – this will reduce the “my ZwiftPower category doesn’t match my Category Enforcement category” confusion. Perhaps swap out the unused “Anti-sandbagging measures” toggle on the events filter to be a “Category Enforced” filter, for easy searching.
While Category Enforcement is doing a good job of forcing riders into proper categories, race organizers are hoping for the ability to define custom power thresholds for the categories in their events. This could make racing much more dynamic, as the same riders wouldn’t always at the top or bottom of their category.